
Snacking forms an integral part of our everyday meals. At least once a day, we snack in between our meals while some end up replacing whole meals with snacks. What is the concept of snacking? How does it differ from full meals? Snacks have been defined in many ways yet have a similar concept. These definitions include but are not limited to; Foods eaten as snacks should have a maximum calorie contribution of 250calories. However, most people snack more on energy dense foods and end up exceeding this upper limit further increasing their overall calorie requirement for each day. Typical snack foods are energy-dense and nutrient-poor. In Ghana, common foods used as snacks include sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) such as cereal drinks, biscuits and crackers, cakes, plantain/cocoyam/potato/yam chips, pastries, toffees, and owing to recent trends in nutrition transition, various other imported snack foods. Healthy snack options consumed are yoghurt, sandwiches, eggs, groundnut, fruits, vegetables. Some noted reasons for snacking in Ghana are hunger, weight loss, dislike for available foods and appetite for snacks. Affordability, accessibility and availability of certain snack foods and our mood also influence the habit of snacking. The health implications of snacking are worth noting. Unhealthy snacking leads to weight gain, low diet quality and a generally poor nutrition status while healthy snacking is linked with a good diet quality; contributing to our daily fibre, vitamins, mineral and protein requirement. Strategies for healthy snacking REFERENCES Abubakar, A., Issah, A.-N., Yussif, B., & Agbozo, F. (2023). Dietary habit, nutritional status and related factors among adolescents in Tamale Metropolis, Ghana. African Journal of Food Science, 17(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajfs2021.2147 Bawa, A. S., & Sidhu, J. S. (2003). Snack Foods | Range on the market. Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 5322–5332. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227055-x/01096-8 Ganpule, A., Dubey, M., Pandey, H., Srinivasapura Venkateshmurthy, N., Green, R., Ann Brown, K., Maddury, A. P., Khatkar, R., Jarhyan, P., Prabhakaran, D., & Mohan, S. (2023). Snacking behavior and association with metabolic risk factors in adults from north and South India. The Journal of Nutrition, 153(2), 523–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.12.032 Hess, J. M., Jonnalagadda, S. S., & Slavin, J. L. (2016). What is a snack, why do we snack, and how can we choose better snacks? A review of the definitions of snacking, motivations to snack, contributions to dietary intake, and recommendations for improvement. Advances in Nutrition, 7(3), 466–475. https://doi.org/10.3945/an.115.009571 Ostermeier, R., Hill, K., Töpfl, S., & Jäger, H. (2020). Pulsed electric field as a sustainable tool for the production of healthy snacks. Pulsed Electric Fields to Obtain Healthier and Sustainable Food for Tomorrow, 103–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816402-0.00005-7 Saldivar, S. O. S. (2016). Snack Foods: Types and composition. Encyclopedia of Food and Health, 13–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384947-2.00633-4 Stroebele, N., Ogden, L. G., & Hill, J. O. (2009). Do calorie-controlled portion sizes of snacks reduce energy intake? Appetite, 52(3), 793–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2009.02.015 Retrieved from https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/snacking/ Written By: Gillette Valentina Sylvia